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The Chromodomain Type 1 Integrase-like (''CIN-1'') is the name we give to the pool of transposases typically encoded by the the self-synthesizing ''Maverick/Polinton'' transposons of eukaryotes ([[literature:100810|Feschotte & Pritham 2005]]; [[LITERATURE:61077|Pritham ''et al''. 2007]]; [[literature:100811|Kapitonov & Jurka 2006]]). CIN1 TRs present an integrase-like core with no N-terminal HHCC module and a C-terminal chromodomain ([[literature:39429|Koonin ''et al''. 1995]]; [[literature:85461|Wright ''et al''. 2005]]; [[literature:70197|Singleton & Levin 2002]]), similar to that found in the integrases (INTs) coded by ''Ty3/Gypsy'' chromoviruses and a particular clade of ''Ty1/Copia'' elements called CoDi-I ([[literature:100685|Maumus ''et al''. 2009]]; [[literature:100596|Llorens ''et al''. 2009]]). The chromodomain (the chromatin organization modifier) is a small protein module involved in chromatin re-modeling, regulation of gene expression ([[literature:39429|Koonin ''et al''. 1995]]), and differential host genome integration of LTR retroelements [[literature:85461|Wright ''et al''. 2005]]; [[literature:70197|Singleton & Levin 2002]]).

''CIN-1'' TRs where originally described (together with SCAN/KRAB INTs), as members of a large pool of INTs related to FOB1 and LTR retroelement INTs ([[literature:24379|Gao & Voytas 2005]]). Because of the assumption of a cellular role for these enzymes, they were called cellular integrases (C-INTs). The accepted notion in the origin of these enzymes was that they evolve from LTR retroelement INTs but such hypothesis underwent an exciting turn with the discovery that ''CIN-1'' TRs are not host genes but TR components of ''Maverick/Polinton'' transposons. Evaluation of insect genomes such as that of the Pea Aphid ''Acyrthosiphon pisum'' ([[literature:100813|The International Aphid Genomics Consortium 2010]]) however suggests that ''CIN-1'' TRs can also be found as Solo-TR encoding transposons organized as both intron-exon structured genes and as single ORFs without introns of 0.8-2.4 kb ([[literature:|Llorens ''et al''. manuscript in preparation]]). For simplicity´s sake the figure below shows the genomic structure without introns.

<center>[[File:CIN-1.jpg]]</center>

There are three complementary classifications for ''CIN-1'' TRs. Based on sequence these enzymes can be classified as DDE TRs and INTs. Based on INT-like structural potential similarities, ''CIN-1'' TRs are members of the Retroviral Integrase Superfamily ([[literature:100803|Nowotny 2009]]) of nucleic acid-processing enzymes involved in; a) selfish evolution; b) replication and repair of DNA; c) recombination and gene fusion; d) RNA-mediated gene silencing; and e) oncogenesis. Based on their usual mobile genetic element carrier these enzymes can be classified as ''Maverick/Polinton'' transposons ([[literature:100810|Feschotte & Pritham 2005]]; [[LITERATURE:61077|Pritham ''et al''. 2007]]; [[literature:100811|Kapitonov & Jurka 2006]]).

CIN-1 - Revision history

imported>Gydbwiki at 15:30, 3 June 2011