imported>Gydbwiki at 10:49, 27 May 2010

2010-05-27T10:49:26Z

New page

dUTPases (DUTs) are cellular enzymes closely similar to Uracil-DNA glycosylases and that hydrolyze dUTP to dUMP and PPi, providing a substrate for thymidylate synthase (an enzyme that converts dUMP to TMP). The expression of cellular DUTs is regulated by the cell cycle; at high levels in dividing undifferentiated cells; and at low levels in terminally non-dividing differentiated cells ([[Literature:50444|Miller ''et al.'' 2000]]). Certain retroviral lineages such as non-primate lentiviruses, betaretroviruses, and ERV-L elements encode and package DUTs into virus particles. However, depending on the genus, the <i>dut</i> gene is located in different zones of the internal region. While betaretroviruses codify for this enzyme in frame and N-terminal to the protease domain, lentiviruses and ERV-L elements present the ORF of this gene between or downstream to the RNaseH and INT domains ([[Literature:20174|Elder ''et al.'' 1992]]; [[Literature:78198|Turelli ''et al.'' 1997]]; [[Literature:58348|Payne and Elder 2001]] and references therein). In lentiviruses, DUT facilitates viral replication in non-dividing cells and prevents accumulation of G-to-A transitions in the viral genome, the role of DUT in betaretroviruses and ERV-L elements is still unclear. DUTPase domains have been also described in the genome of some ''Ty3/Gypsy'' LTR retrotransposons ([[Literature:95064|Novikova and Blinov 2008]]) as well as in that of two plant paretroviruses belonging to ''Badnavirus'' genus [''Dioscorea bacilliform virus'' ([[element:DBV|DBV]]) and ''Taro bacilliform virus'' ([[element:TaBV|TaBV]])].

[[Image:retroviridae_dut.png|center]]

<center> FIV DUT 3D-structure adapted from the PDB-file [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1DUT 1DUT]</center>

[[Category:Retroelements]]

DUTPase - Revision history

imported>Gydbwiki at 10:49, 27 May 2010