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{{Element
|genbank=[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=9626938 9626938]
|type=
|genus=Caulimovirus
|subfamily=Class 1
|family=Caulimoviridae
|group=LTR retroelements
|description=''Cauliflower mosaic virus'' (CaMV) is the type species of the plant pararetroviral genus ''Caulimovirus'' of ''Caulimoviridae'' family (''International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses'' -ICTV- [[Literature:100589|Fauquet ''et al''. 2005]]). CaMV mainly infects a wide range of cruciferous plants, even if some strains are also known to infect ''Solanaceae'' species and both cruciferous and solanaceous plants ([[Literature:100736|Piqué ''et al.'' 1995]]). The virus is transmitted mechanically as well as by aphid vectors. At least 27 aphid species are known as biological vectors of CaMV but the main ones in the field are ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' and ''Myzus persicae'' ([[Literature:100735|Palacios ''et al.'' 2002]]). Several CaMV isolates are been described and the genomes of some have been sequenced completely (for more details see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_cauli.htm#Genus1 ICTVdb]). The CaMV sequence selected for our study is that of the isolate "CaMV-Cabb-S" characterized in 1980s by [[Literature:100593|Franck ''et al.'' (1980)]].

Morphologically, CaMVs are spherical virions of approximately 50 nm in diameter containing a genomic circular double-stranded DNA (8024 bp long). The genome shows three single-stranded discontinuities, one in the (-) strand and two in the (+) strand as well as seven ORFs (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII) ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/9626938 Franck ''et al.'' 1980]). ORF I encodes a protein of 327 amino acids (aa) associated to cell-to-cell movement (MOV) ([[Literature:100705|Linstead ''et al.'' 1988]]). ORFs II and III encode for two proteins of 165 and 124 aa, which respectively correspond with the "aphid transmission factor" (ATF) and the "virion associated protein" (VAP) ([[Literature:100737|Woolston ''et al.'' 1987]]; [[Literature:100699|Hebrard ''et al.'' 2001]]; [[Literature:100700|Leh ''et al.'' 1999]]). These two are both involved in the mechanisms of CaMV aphids transmission ([[Literature:100738|Hoh ''et al.'' 2010]]; [[Literature:100735|Palacios ''et al.'' 2002]]). ORF IV encodes the putative viral gag-like COAT protein and contains the typical caulimoviruses "RNA-binding"-associated motif, "C-X-C-X2-C-X4-H-X4-C" ([[Literature:100596|Llorens ''et al''. 2009]]; [[Literature:100605|Hull 1996]]; [[Literature:8054|Bouhida ''et al.'' 1993]]). ORF V is a pol polyprotein of 679 aa displaying the aspartic protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNase H (RH) typical domains. ORF VI encodes a protein of 520 aa long with a translational transactivator function (TAV) ([[Literature:100739|Kobayashi and Hohn 2003]]). As other members of the genus ''Caulimovirus'', CaMV encodes a small ORF VII upstream to the ORF I, whose translated protein has still an unknown function. The genome of CaMV also presents two intergenic regions, a large intergenic region (LIR) located between TAV and ORF VII, and a small intergenic region (SIR) between Pol and TAV. These regions contain two transcriptional promoter sequences that transcribe the whole genome of the virus (35S within the LIR) or only the ORF VI (19S within the SIR) ([[Literature:100742|Hull 1984]]; [[Literature:100741|Ow ''et al''. 1987]]; [[Literature:100740|Benfey and Chua 1990]]; [[Literature:31653|Hohn and Fütterer 1992]]; [[Literature:100745|Driesen ''et al.'' 1993]]). Their high expression activity make these promoters really useful tools for biotechnology applications and agricultural research ([[Literature:100746|Fütterer ''et al.'' 1989]]; [[Literature:100744|Hull ''et al.'' 2000]]; [[Literature:100743|Ho and Cummins 2009]]).
|structure=CaMV.png
|host=Brassica oleracea
|hostpic=Brassica_oleracea.jpg
|literature=
|picowner=[http://www.biolib.cz/en/image/id103990/ Cortesy of the Biological library (BioLib), Milan Korínek author]
}}
[[Category:Element]]

Element:CaMV - Revision history

imported>Gydbwiki at 10:39, 22 March 2010