imported>Ldominguez at 09:11, 3 May 2010

2010-05-03T09:11:03Z

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{{Element
|genbank=[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=1332361 M15390]
|type=
Human lentiviruses
|genus=
Lentivirus
|subfamily=
Class 2
|family=
Retroviridae
|group=
LTR retroelements
|description= ''Human Immunodeficiency Viruses'' (HIVs) are complex retroviruses that induce Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in human beings. Two major types of HIV have been described; HIV-1, predominant world-wide and HIV-2, less virulent and prevalent in western Africa ([[Literature:85472|Barre-Sinoussi ''et al.'' 1983]]; [[Literature:85382|Gallo ''et al.'' 1984]]; [[Literature:43350|Levy and Simabukuro 1985]]; [[Literature:13689|Clavel ''et al.'' 1986]]). Both retroviruses are evolutionarily related to various Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses, nevertheless HIV-2 has not evolved directly from HIV-1, or vice versa ([[Literature:31225|Hirsch ''et al.'' 1989]]; [[Literature:28410|Guyader ''et al.'' 1986]]; [[Literature:32689|Huet ''et al''. 1990]]; [[Literature:24337|Gao ''et al.'' 1999]]). There are 40 million people at present worldwide infected by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses -HIVs- ([http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp Prevalence map. 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS, May 2006]).

At the genome structural level, HIV-2 is 9.6 Kb in size including LTRs of 1.029 nt (pro-5´LTR-R/U5 of 299 nt and pro-3´LTR-U3/R of 730 nt). The internal region of this retrovirus displays a Primer Binding Site (PBS) complementary to a tRNA<sup>Lys3</sup>, Open Reading Frames (ORFs) for the '' gag'', ''pol'' and ''env'' genes typical in retroviruses, ''tat'' and'' rev ''(both expanded in two exons) and ''vif'', which are three accessory genes common in other lentiviruses, ''vpx'', ''vpr'' and ''nef'' accessory genes specifical of primate lentiviruses, and a Polypurine Tract (PPT) adjacent to the 3´LTR ([[Literature:13689|Clavel ''et al.'' 1986]]; [[Literature:28410|Guyader ''et al.'' 1987]]).
|structure=Hiv-2.png
|host=Homo sapiens
|hostpic=Homo_sapiens.gif
|literature=
*[[Literature:14014|Retroviruses. (Coffin, Hugges and Varmus 1997)]]
|picowner=[http://www.biotechvana.com Image, Carlos Llorens, <br>Copyright, GyDB, Biotech Vana]
}}

Element:HIV-2 - Revision history

imported>Ldominguez at 09:11, 3 May 2010