imported>Lcovelli at 11:55, 7 September 2010

2010-09-07T11:55:06Z

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{{Element
|genbank=[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=2801487 AF033817]
|type=
Oncovirinae C-type
|genus=
Deltaretrovirus
|subfamily=
Class 2
|family=
Retroviridae
|group=
LTR retroelements
|description= ''Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus'' (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus responsible of inducing adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in humans ([[Literature:60139|Poiesz ''et al.'' 1980]]). HTLV-1 is associated with a neurologic degenerative disorder known as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or more commonly, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Currently, there are 20 million people worldwide infected with HTLV-1 ([[Literature:19886|Edwards ''et al.'' 2003]]), which is spread via semen (sex), needles, milk, and blood. Several evidences suggest that HTLV-1 may have arisen from interspecies transmission between STLV-1-infected monkeys and humans, followed by evolution in the human host ([[Literature:85505|Masahiro ''et al.'' 1996]]). Phylogenetic analyses have revealed four HTLV-1 molecular subtypes:

*Subtype A (Cosmopolitan), is the most widespread and it is found in many geographic areas (Japan, Transcontinental, North African, and West African)
*Subtype B (Central African)
*Subtype C or the Australo-Melanesia clade, it is present in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
*Subtype D (Central African Pygmies), it was shown to be present in some individuals living in Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Gabon.

The genomic structure of HTLV-1 is 8.5 Kb in size including LTRs of 986 nt (pro-5´LTRs and pro-3´LTR of 405-581 nt, respectively). The internal region of this retrovirus displays a Primer Binding Site (PBS) complementary to a tRNA<sup>Pro</sup>, Open Reading Frames (ORFs) for '' gag'', ''pol'', and ''env'' genes. HTLV-1 displays a region termed the pX region, which contains the accessory genes ''rex'' and ''tax'' (both essential for viral replication and cellular transformation in infected cells), as well as two ORFs that encode for the proteins Tof and Rof (see [[Accessory_Genes|accessory genes]]), and the Polypurine Tract (PPT) common to all retroviruses [[Literature:46556|(Malik, Even and Karpas 1988]]; [[Literature:84994|Yoshida ''et al.'' 1995]]; [[Literature:39492|Koralnik ''et al.'' 1992]]; [[Literature:59798|Pique ''et al.'' 2000]]).
|structure=Htlv-1.png
|host=Homo sapiens
|hostpic=Homo_sapiens.gif
|literature=
*[[Literature:14014|Retroviruses. (Coffin, Hugges and Varmus 1997)]]
|picowner=[http://www.biotechvana.com Image, Carlos Llorens, Copyright, GyDB, Biotech Vana]
}}

Element:HTLV-1 - Revision history

imported>Lcovelli at 11:55, 7 September 2010