imported>Gydbwiki at 15:19, 3 May 2010

2010-05-03T15:19:29Z

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{{Element
|genbank=[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=2801453 AF033807]
|type=
Undetermined
|genus=
Betaretrovirus
|subfamily=
Class 2
|family=
Retroviridae
|group=
LTR retroelements
|description=
''Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses'' (MMTVs) are B-type retroviral inductors of mammary carcinogenesis and lymphoma in the T-cells of mice. This kind of retroviruses can be either exogenous (transmitted through milk) or endogenous ([[Literature:85426|Bittner 1936]]; [[Literature:10397|Callahan ''et al.'' 1982]]; [[Literature:51670|Moore ''et al.'' 1987]]). MMTVs belong to the genus ''Betaretrovirus'', which is comprised of both B- and D-type retroviruses. Interestingly, D-type betaretroviruses present a common surface receptor also used by the baboon and cat endogenous C-type gammaretroviruses (BaEVM, RD114), cellular infection by any of them can interfere with other D-type members, and also with BaEVM and RD114 ([[Literature:12209|Chatterjee and Hunter 1980]]; [[Literature:71083|Sommerfelt and Weiss 1990]]). This evidence seems to be related with the high similarity displayed between env polyproteins encoded by gammaretroviruses and D-type betaretroviruses, indicating that betaretroviruses and gammaretroviruses may have been involved in an ancient recombinatorial event ([[Literature:71146|Sonigo ''et al.'' 1986]]; [[Literature:100589|Fauquet ''et al''. 2005]]) or that they share a common ancestor ([[Phylogeny:ENV_Retroviridae|see env tree in section "phylogenies"]]).

The genomic structure of a typical MMTV is 8.8-9.9 Kb in size including pro-5´LTR of 135 nt and a long pro-3´LTR of 1.4 Kb. The internal region displays a Primer Binding Site (PBS) complementary to a tRNA<sup>Lys-3</sup>, Open Reading Frames (ORFs) for ''gag'', ''dut/pro'', ''pol'', and ''env'' genes, an ORF for an accessory gene ''sag'' that encompasses the U3 3´LTR and ''env'' regions and codify for a 37-kDa type-II transmembrane glycoprotein known as superantigen (Sag), and a Polypurine Tract (PPT) adjacent to the 3´LTR ([[Literature:51670|Moore ''et al.'' 1987]]; [[Literature:85458|Acha-Orbea and Macdonald. 1995]]; [[Literature:8517|Brandt-carlson and Butel 1991]]; [[Literature:13154|Choi, Kappler and Marrack 1991]]; [[Literature:13153|Choi, Marrack and Kappler 1992]]; [[Literature:40224|Krummenacher and Diggelmann 1993]]; [[Literature:83625|Yazdanbakhsh ''et al.'' 1993]]; [[Literature:83625|Wrona ''et al.'' 1998]]; [[Literature:20174|Elder ''et al.'' 1992]]; [[Literature:58348|Payne and Elder 2001)]]. We also have found that MMTV also presents a putative accessory gene ''Orf-x'' that is common among many other betaretroviruses, and that was originally described in JSRV betaretroviruses ([[Literature:3496|Bai ''et al.'' 1999]]; [[Literature:64403|Rosati ''et al.'' 2000]]).
|structure=Mmtv.png
|host=Mus sp.
|hostpic=Mus_sp.gif
|literature=
*[[Literature:14014|Retroviruses. (Coffin, Hugges and Varmus 1997)]]
|picowner=[http://www.biotechvana.com Image, Joaquin Panadero, <br>Copyright, GyDB, Biotech Vana]
}}

Element:MMTV - Revision history

imported>Gydbwiki at 15:19, 3 May 2010