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{{Element
|genbank=[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=555883 555883]
|type=
|genus= Soymovirus
|subfamily= Class 1
|family= Caulimoviridae
|group= LTR retroelements
|description=''Peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus'' (PCSV or PCISV) is a plant pararetrovirus isolated from groundnut (''Arachis hypogaea'') ([[Literature:100680|Reddy ''et al.'' 1993]]). PCSV is member of the genus ''Soymovirus'' within the ''Caulimoviridae'' family (''International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses'' -ICTV- [[Literature:100589|Fauquet ''et al''. 2005]]). It is an economically important virus in tropical countries because it not only infects peanut, but also a broad host range of plants. This includes beans (''Phaseolus vulgaris''), cowpeas (''Vigna unguiculata''), soybean (''Glycin max''), Spinach (''Spinacia oleracea''), ''Datura stramonium'', ''Petunia hybrid'', and several ''Nicotiana'' species in which PCSV may provoke different symptoms such as prominent vein clearing, blistering, distortion and mottling, veinal necrosis ([[Literature:100680|Reddy ''et al.'' 1993]]). PCSV can be transmitted by mechanical means to several ''Leguminosae'' and ''Solanaceae'' plants ([[Literature:100680|Reddy ''et al.'' 1993]]).

Morphologically, PCSV constitutes spherical virus particles 52-53 nm in diameter composed of a genomic 8174 bp dsDNA that contains two single-stranded discontinuities ([[Literature:100680|Reddy ''et al.'' 1993]]). Its genome is organized in eight ORFs (I, A, B, C, IV, V, VI, VII). ORF I (MOV) encodes for a 320 amino acids (aa) cell-to-cell movement protein ([[Literature:100603|Mushegian ''et al'', 1995]]; [[Literature:100681|Ducasse ''et al''. 1995]]); ORFs A, B and C potentially encode for three proteins whose functions remain still unclear. Studies realized with infectious PCSV mutants showed that ORF A and C are essential for some aspects of virus life cycle, while ORF B is dispensable for infection ([[Literature:100603|Mushegian ''et al'', 1995]]). As to date an insect vector for PCSV is still unknown, it has been speculated with the possibility that ORF B might play a role in insect transmission (this remains to be determined). The coat protein gene (ORF IV) is one of the more conserved genes among caulimoviruses, it contains the characteristic plant pararetroviral "RNA-binding" motif ([[Literature:100605|Hull 1996]]; [[Literature:8054|Bouhida ''et al.'' 1993]]; [[Literature:100596|Llorens ''et al''. 2009]]). The predicted product of ORF V is a pol polyprotein displaying the aspartic protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNase H (RH) domains. ORF VI encodes for a putative translational transactivator protein (TAV) of 420 aa ([[Literature:100684|Maiti ''et al.'' 1998]]). ORF VII encodes a protein of 143 aa with unknown function although our analyses predict that ORF VII may be an aspartic protease additional to that observed in the ''Pol'' gene. Interestingly, a similar feature has also been observed in other soymoviruses such as ''Soybean chlorotic mottle virus'' (SbCMV) and ''Blueberry red ringspot virus'' (BBRV) and in the tungrovirus ''Rice tungro bacilliform virus'' (RTBV). It is not clear however if these sequences are functionally active proteases or play other roles. Upon this, a previous study demonstrates that deletion of ORF VII in infectious PCSV mutants is correlated with the increased symptom severity ([[Literature:100603|Mushegian ''et al'', 1995]]).
|structure=PCSV.png
|structure_legend=<font size="1">(MOV=ORF I; COAT(''Gag'')=ORF IV; POL=ORF V; TAV=ORF VI; ORF VII= putative protease additional to that codified by the ''Pol'' gene; solid line=untranslated region)</font>
|host=Arachis hypogaea
|hostpic=Arachis_hypogea.jpg
|literature=
|picowner=[http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/allgemei/koehler/koeh-lat.htm List of Köhler's Images (Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen)]
}}
[[Category:Element]]

Element:PCSV - Revision history

imported>Gydbwiki at 10:19, 16 March 2010