imported>GPbernet at 11:02, 6 May 2011

2011-05-06T11:02:53Z

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The Gypsy-like-Integrase Type 1 (''GIN-1'') ([[literature:44593|Llorens & Marin 2001]]) is an intron-exon host integrase (INT) gene of 1.2-2.0 kb, exclusively found in the genomes of vertebrates. ''GIN-1'' originally drawed attention because of the similarity of its encoded product to the INTs coded by the ''Ty3/Gypsy'' LTR retrotransposons. The ''GIN1'' product shows the typical INT core preceded by a GPY/F module thought to mediate multimerization ([[literature:88856|Ebina ''et al''. 2008]]), as it is typically observed among LTR retroelement INTs. For simplicity´s sake the figure below shows the genomic structure without introns.

<center>[[File:GIN-1.jpg]]</center>

Subsequent approaches have revealed a putative vertebrate paralog of ''GIN-1'', called ''GIN-2'' ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]; [[literature:100812|Marin 2010]]) as well as other related pools of exon-intron Solo-transposase (TR) transposons called ''GINGER1'' ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]), ''GINA'' and ''GINO'' ([[literature:100812|Marin 2010]]) with which ''GIN-1'' share direct ancestry. In this regard, phylogenetic analyses reveal that ''GIN-1'' and ''GIN-2'' are not true paralogs but that ''GIN-1'' is counterpart of ''GINO'' and that ''GIN-2'' is phylogenetically close to ''GINA'' within a phylogenetic cluster where ''GINGER1'' elements occupy the most basal position. In other words, both ''GIN-1'' and ''GIN-2'' are host genes evolved from domesticated ''GINGER1''-like transposons (note that we use the name of the most basal position to describe the whole pool). This evidence does not invalidate however the original hypothesis ([[literature:44593|Llorens & Marin 2001]]) of ''Ty3/Gypsy'' ancestry because phylogenetic analyses significantly relate the whole ''GINGER1'' cluster to the INTs coded by certain ''Ty3/Gypsy'' LTR retroelements (for more details see the Section describing the [[GINGER1|''GINGER1'']] transposons).

There are two complementary classifications for the ''GINGER1'' elements. Based on sequence these elements can be classified as DDE TRs and INTs. Based on INT-like structural potential similarities, the INT coded by ''GINGER1'' elements are members of the Retroviral Integrase Superfamily ([[literature:100803|Nowotny 2009]]) of nucleic acid-processing enzymes involved in; a) selfish evolution; b) replication and repair of DNA; c) recombination and gene fusion; d) RNA-mediated gene silencing; and e) oncogenesis.

GIN-1 - Revision history

imported>GPbernet at 11:02, 6 May 2011