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Gypsy-Integrase-Related Type 1 (''GINGER1'') is a recently described pool of exon-intron transposons ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]), which encode for a transposase (TR) showing the occurrence of a GPY/F module ([[literature:4655|Malik & Eickbush 1999]]) thought to mediate multimerization ([[literature:88856|Ebina ''et al''. 2008]]) at its C-terminus. ''GINGER1'' elements also show an additional module adjacent to the GPY/F module, which depending on the element may be an ovarian tumor ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=190283 OTU]) cysteine protease domain, or an [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=145846 Ulp1] protease catalytic domain ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]). The latter may also be coupled with a plant homeodomain ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=197604 PHD]) finger motif ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]). Full-length ''GINGER1'' elements vary from approximately 2.6-7.0 kb and are flanked by terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of approximately 40-270 nucleotides long (Figure not to scale). For simplicity´s sake the figure below shows the genomic structure without introns.

<center>[[File:ginger1.jpg]]</center>

''GINGER 1'' transposons give the name to a phylogenetic cluster of TRs and integrases (INTs) constituted by the own ''GINGER1''-like transposons ([[literature:100807|Bao ''et al''. 2010]]), which occupy the most basal phylogenetic position within this cluster, the two ''GIN''-like host genes of vertebrates ([[literature:44593|Llorens & Marin 2001]]; [[literature:100807|Bao ''et al.'' 2010]]; [[literature:100812|Marin 2010]]), and their related ''GINO'', ''GINA'' and ''GINNY'' transposons ([[literature:100812|Marin 2010]]).

There are two complementary classifications for the ''GINGER1'' elements. Based on sequence these elements can be classified as DDE TRs and INTs. Phylogenetic analyses also relate the ''GINGER1'' cluster with the INTs coded by the ''Ty3/Gypsy'' ''Athila/Tat'' LTR retroelements. This suggests that ''GINGER1'' elements probably evolve from a INT ancestor excised from its ''Ty3/Gypsy'' retrotransposable carrier (for more details see the DDE phylogeny). Based on INT-like structural potential similarities, the INT coded by ''GINGER1'' elements are members of the Retroviral Integrase Superfamily ([[literature:100803|Nowotny 2009]]) of nucleic acid-processing enzymes involved in: a) selfish evolution; b) replication and repair of DNA; c) recombination and gene fusion; d) RNA-mediated gene silencing; and e) oncogenesis.

GINGER1 - Revision history

imported>GydbAdmin at 12:04, 4 November 2011